![]() Footnote 5 Documents also indicate that IS has been active in the regulation of a broad range of further issues relating to everyday life, such as fishing, telephone subscriptions, vaccinations, electricity provision, sanitation services and agriculture. Footnote 4 At the end of 2014, documentary evidence indicated that IS had at least fourteen government ministries that addressed a wide range of issues such as military and defence, finance and currency, education, health and natural resources. At the height of its power in March 2015, the IS was said to have control over 10 million people living in towns and rural areas in the regions of Syria and Iraq under its control. One only needs to think of high-profile armed groups such as the Islamic State (IS) to appreciate the reality of this. An equal need for clarity arises from the fact that in many different countries of the world today, civilians are living under the control of armed groups. Footnote 3 The disconnect between law and practice on this issue is troubling and creates an imperative to find clarity on these questions. Footnote 2 Secondly, there is debate about the normative value that human rights law brings to the legal framework of non-international armed conflicts. Footnote 1 Firstly, there is debate on the question of whether and when armed groups have obligations under human rights law. ![]() Although it is now commonplace for human rights accountability mechanisms to hold armed groups to account under human rights law, the long-running academic debate about armed groups and human rights law continues. ![]()
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